Prominent Figures Ferdinand Foch- In charge of the French Northern Army Sir John French- Chief of staff for British Army, then became commander of chief of the British Expeditionary Force Sir Douglas Haig- Commander-in-chief for British Joseph Joffre- Commander of French Army Robert Nivelle- One of two French Commander-in-chief's John J. Pershing- Commander in Chief of American Expeditionary Force Henri-Philippe Petain-Commanded French troops for a few battles, Commander-in-chief of armed forces. Later arrested for treason Paul von Hindenburg-Chief of staff for Germany. Part of Third Command Supreme Court, later Germany's president
World War I lasted from 1914-1918. The allies, who were Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and the US, defeated the axis side, who consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.
World war I was triggered by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, but was not the main reason. One of the main reasons was imperialism. The British Empire extended over 5 continents, large parts being in Africa. There was also competition over owning seas between Britain and Germany. Another cause was nationalism between countries, which was countries supporting themselves and fighting for their rights. There was about 65 million troops. 22,850,000 troops were on the axis side, while 42,630,000 troops were on the allies side.
Major Battles Battle of Mons- August 1914. Allies victory 1st Battle of Marne- August 1914. Allies were winning when Axis escaped Battle of Ypres- October 1914. Germany surrendered Battle of Artois- September 1915. Germany (Axis) victory Battle of Verdun- attack decided December 1915, attack in February 1916. Germany was winning, then France won Battle of Jutland- May 1916. Germany victory Battle of Somme- February 1916- Allies continued attacking until they no longer gained anything from winning Battle of Arras- December 1916- Allies victory Battle of Messines- Explosion on May 1917, fighting on June 1917- Allies victory Battle of Passchendaele- June 1917- Allies won but at a heavy cost 2nd Battle of Marne- Summer 1918- Allies victory Final Years of World War 1- Allies kept winning battle until Germany finally surrendered
Casualties of World War 1
Country
Mobilized
Killed
Wounded
Total
Casualties
Africa
55,000
10,000
unknown
unknown
-
Australia
330,000
59,000
152,000
211,000
64%
Austria-Hungary
6,500,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
4,820,000
74%
Belgium
207,000
13,000
44,000
57,000
28%
Bulgaria
400,000
101,000
153,000
254,000
64%
Canada
620,000
67,000
173,000
241,000
39%
The Caribbean
21,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
19%
French Empire
7,500,000
1,385,000
4,266,000
5,651,000
75%
Germany
11,000,000
1,718,000
4,234,000
5,952,000
54%
Great Britain
5,397,000
703,000
1,663,000
2,367,000
44%
Greece
230,000
5,000
21,000
26,000
11%
India
1,500,000
43,000
65,000
108,000
7%
Italy
5,500,000
460,000
947,000
1,407,000
26%
Japan
800,000
250
1,000
1,250
0.2%
Montenegro
50,000
3,000
10,000
13,000
26%
New Zealand
110,000
18,000
55,000
73,000
66%
Portugal
100,000
7,000
15,000
22,000
22%
Romania
750,000
200,000
120,000
320,000
43%
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
6,650,000
55%
Serbia
707,000
128,000
133,000
261,000
37%
South Africa
149,000
7,000
12,000
19,000
13%
Turkey
1,600,000
336,000
400,000
736,000
46%
USA
4,272,500
117,000
204,000
321,000
8%
Important EventsAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - 28th June 1914*Austria-Hungary sends an Ultimatum to Serbia (country of the members of the "Black Hand" who assassinated the Archduke); they agree to 3 out of the 4 terms, but Austria-Hungary wanted all 4 so they declare war.· Great Britain declares war on Germany - 4th August 1914· Lord Kitchener calls for 100,000 men to join British army - 7th August 1914 · First German aircraft shot down by allied plane - 5th October 1914 · Battle of Ypres - 15th October 1914 · Christmas Truce on the Western Front - 25th December 1914, (Germans and British played football)· German gas attack at Ypres - 22nd April 1915 · Sinking of the Lusitania - 7th May, 1915 · First Zeppelin raid on London - 31st May 1915 · Germans attack at Verdun - 21st February 1916 · Battle of Jutland - 31st May 1916 · Start of the Battle of the Somme - 1st July 1916 · First use of the tanks, in the Battle of the Somme - 15th September 1916 · *Canadians take Vimy Ridge, February 1917 (VERY important if you take Canadian History because no other army was able to capture the ridge, and the Canadians were considered the underdogs at the time that they captured the ridge). · United States declares war on Germany - 6th April 1917 · United States troops arrive in France - 25th June 1917 · King George V changes his name to Windsor - 17th July 1917 · British attack at Passchendaele - 12th October 1917 · Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates - 9th November 1918 · Armistice - 11th November 1918 · Paris Peace Conference - 12th January 1919 · Treaty of Versailles signed - 28th June 1919.
Allied Powers
Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
United States
22,625,253,000
Great Britain
35,334,012,000
France
24,265,583,000
Russia
22,293,950,000
Italy
12,413,998,000
Belgium
1,154,468,000
Romania
1,600,000,000
Japan
40,000,000
Serbia
399,400,000
Greece
270,000,000
Canada
1,665,576,000
Australia
1,423,208,000
New Zealand
378,750,000
India
601,279,000
South Africa
300,000,000
British Colonies
125,000,000
Others
500,000,000
Total of all Costs
125,690,477,000
Central Powers
Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
Germany
37,775,000,000
Austria-Hungary
20,622,960,000
Turkey
1,430,000,000
Bulgaria
815,200,000
Total of all Costs
60,643,160,000
Resolution British naval blockade starved Germany, and they could no longer fight. Germany surrendered on November 11, then all nations agreed to stop fighting. All Allied nations signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war.
WW1 Timeline
Prominent Figures
Prominent Figures
Ferdinand Foch- In charge of the French Northern Army
Sir John French- Chief of staff for British Army, then became commander of chief of the British Expeditionary Force
Sir Douglas Haig- Commander-in-chief for British
Joseph Joffre- Commander of French Army
Robert Nivelle- One of two French Commander-in-chief's
John J. Pershing- Commander in Chief of American Expeditionary Force
Henri-Philippe Petain-Commanded French troops for a few battles, Commander-in-chief of armed forces. Later arrested for treason
Paul von Hindenburg-Chief of staff for Germany. Part of Third Command Supreme Court, later Germany's president
World War I lasted from 1914-1918. The allies, who were Great Britain, France, Russia, Belgium, Italy, Japan, and the US, defeated the axis side, who consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.
World war I was triggered by the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, but was not the main reason. One of the main reasons was imperialism. The British Empire extended over 5 continents, large parts being in Africa. There was also competition over owning seas between Britain and Germany. Another cause was nationalism between countries, which was countries supporting themselves and fighting for their rights. There was about 65 million troops. 22,850,000 troops were on the axis side, while 42,630,000 troops were on the allies side.
Major Battles
Battle of Mons- August 1914. Allies victory
1st Battle of Marne- August 1914. Allies were winning when Axis escaped
Battle of Ypres- October 1914. Germany surrendered
Battle of Artois- September 1915. Germany (Axis) victory
Battle of Verdun- attack decided December 1915, attack in February 1916. Germany was winning, then France won
Battle of Jutland- May 1916. Germany victory
Battle of Somme- February 1916- Allies continued attacking until they no longer gained anything from winning
Battle of Arras- December 1916- Allies victory
Battle of Messines- Explosion on May 1917, fighting on June 1917- Allies victory
Battle of Passchendaele- June 1917- Allies won but at a heavy cost
2nd Battle of Marne- Summer 1918- Allies victory
Final Years of World War 1- Allies kept winning battle until Germany finally surrendered
Casualties of World War 1
Important EventsAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - 28th June 1914*Austria-Hungary sends an Ultimatum to Serbia (country of the members of the "Black Hand" who assassinated the Archduke); they agree to 3 out of the 4 terms, but Austria-Hungary wanted all 4 so they declare war.· Great Britain declares war on Germany - 4th August 1914· Lord Kitchener calls for 100,000 men to join British army - 7th August 1914
· First German aircraft shot down by allied plane - 5th October 1914
· Battle of Ypres - 15th October 1914
· Christmas Truce on the Western Front - 25th December 1914, (Germans and British played football)· German gas attack at Ypres - 22nd April 1915
· Sinking of the Lusitania - 7th May, 1915
· First Zeppelin raid on London - 31st May 1915
· Germans attack at Verdun - 21st February 1916
· Battle of Jutland - 31st May 1916
· Start of the Battle of the Somme - 1st July 1916
· First use of the tanks, in the Battle of the Somme - 15th September 1916
· *Canadians take Vimy Ridge, February 1917 (VERY important if you take Canadian History because no other army was able to capture the ridge, and the Canadians were considered the underdogs at the time that they captured the ridge).
· United States declares war on Germany - 6th April 1917
· United States troops arrive in France - 25th June 1917
· King George V changes his name to Windsor - 17th July 1917
· British attack at Passchendaele - 12th October 1917
· Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates - 9th November 1918
· Armistice - 11th November 1918
· Paris Peace Conference - 12th January 1919
· Treaty of Versailles signed - 28th June 1919.
Resolution
British naval blockade starved Germany, and they could no longer fight. Germany surrendered on November 11, then all nations agreed to stop fighting. All Allied nations signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war.